The Confederation of Sahel States: a new era for regional sovereignty

Mamoudou Samoura

Director of publication Africa Eye

Senior expert in international relations and African geopolitics

On July 6, 2024, the military leaders of Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger announced the creation of the Confederation of Sahel States (CSS), marking a decisive step in their pursuit of sovereignty and regional cooperation.

This initiative, led by regimes that have come to power through unconventional means, reflects a clear desire to break away from traditional structures, notably the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), perceived as being influenced by external forces.

The CSS aims to pool resources and efforts in strategic areas such as security, agriculture, energy, and infrastructure. This approach seeks to address common challenges, including combating terrorism and promoting socio-economic development, by favoring indigenous solutions tailored to Sahelian realities.

However, this new configuration raises questions about its viability and impact on regional stability. The break with ECOWAS, a well-established pan-African organization, could lead to diplomatic and economic tensions, especially since previous sanctions have already weakened these countries’ economies.

Furthermore, the geopolitical orientation of the CSS, characterized by closer ties with powers like Russia, raises concerns about the growing influence of non-African actors in the region. The presence of foreign paramilitary groups, notably the Wagner Group, adds complexity to local security dynamics.

It is imperative for the CSS to clearly define its objectives and governance mechanisms to ensure effective and transparent cooperation. The legitimacy of this confederation will depend on its ability to meet the aspirations of Sahelian populations for peace, security, and development, while upholding democratic principles and human rights.

After all, the creation of the Confederation of Sahel States represents a bold attempt to redefine the regional order in West Africa. Its success will hinge on the leaders’ willingness to prioritize collective interests and commit to inclusive, transparent governance that respects international norms.